Adrenaline hydrochloride injection
Epinephrine Hydrochloride Injection
Yansuan Shenshangxiansu Zhusheye
Adrenaline plus hydrochloric acid
This product is a colorless or almost colorless clear liquid；It is prone to deterioration when exposed to sunlight or air contact。
Pharmacology This product is rightαandβAll receptors have strong excitation effects，Pharmacological effects are extensive and complex。
1.Excited heart：passedExcited heartβ1Receptor，Improve myocardial excitability，Enhance heart rate and myocardial contraction，Enhance the cardiac output。
2.passedExcited blood vesselsαReceptor，Make the skin、Strong contraction of mucosal blood vessels and renal blood vessels；passedExcitedβ2Receptor，Dilute coronary and skeletal muscle vessels。
3.Increase blood pressure：The effect on blood pressure is related to dosage，Increased systolic blood pressure at commonly used doses，Diastolic blood pressure remains unchanged or decreased；Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased at large doses。
4.Relax bronchial smooth muscles：passedExcited bronchial smooth musclesβ2Receptor，The effect of producing fast and powerful relaxing bronchial smooth muscle。also，OKwithInhibiting the release of inflammation and sensitizing substances by mast cells，Indirectly relieves bronchial smooth muscle spasm，In addition, it can constrict bronchial mucosa blood vessels，Reduces capillary permeability，This helps relieve dyspnea symptoms of allergic diseases。
Pharmacology Good absorption intramuscular or subcutaneous injection，Among them, intramuscular injection is faster than subcutaneous injection。Subcutaneous injection is usually5-10Effects appear in minutes，Intramuscular injection can appear immediately，And the effect is strong。Adrenaline can'tpassedBlood-brain barrier，But canpassedPlacenta barrier or secretion into milk。AdrenalinemainpassedIntake and metabolism of nerve endings stop their effects。In the liver and other tissues, monoamine oxidase is、Metabolism inactivation of catecholamine oxymethyltransferase。
1.Alkaline drugs，Aminophyl、Sodium salts of sulfonamides、Penicillin sodium（Potassium）Can invalidate this product。
2.Certain antihistamines（Like diphenhydramine）Can enhance its effect。
3.Pentolamine can antagonize the pressure-raising effect of this product。Propranolol can enhance its effect on elevating blood pressure，and antagonizes its heart and dilates the bronchial effect。
4.Cardiac glycoside can make myocardium more sensitive to this product，Co-use of the patient is prone to arrhythmia。
5.With oxytocin、Ergotrine and other combinations，Can enhance vasoconstriction，Causes hypertension or peripheral tissue ischemia。
Adrenaline-like drugs。For first aid for cardiac arrest；Relieve symptoms of severe allergic diseases；It is also often combined with local anesthetics，withExtend the duration of local anesthesia。
withAdrenaline meter。Subcutaneous injection： Amount of time，dog0.1～0.5mg。Intravenous injection：Amount of time，dog0.1～0.3mg。Or follow the doctor's advice。
1.Allergy-like shock（Tag dosage；Not obtainedFDAapprove）：use1 mg/mLAdrenaline solution，Injection of muscle or subcutaneously0.1-0.5 mL（Total dose，Nomg/kg）。
2.CPR | Cardiac arrest（Extra instruction manual medication）：It is recommended in the early stage of cardiopulmonary resuscitation，Every3-5Minutes of intravenous or intraosseous injection of low doses of epinephrine0.01 mg/kg。To minimize inadequate or overdose during CPR，Should support in every two basic life（BLS）cycle（1One cycle is2Uninterrupted pressing in minutes/Ventilation）Give the drug once。Consider using vasopressin every two cycles alternately0.8unit/kgIntravenous or intraosseous injection。
3.Long-term cardiopulmonary resuscitation（Exceed10minute）back，High doses of epinephrine may be considered0.1 mg/kg。
4.For patients who are unable to do intravenous or intraosseous administration，Intratracheal（IT）Route of administration。Dilute adrenaline with saline or sterile water，passedCatheters longer than tracheal catheters。The optimal dose is not yet known，However, the recommended dose for intratracheal administration can reach the standard dose10Double。（In subsequent references，The low dose intratracheal0.02 mg/kg，High dose0.2 mg/kg）。Notice：Not recommended to blindly mind（IC）Injection of resuscitation drugs。
5.Allergic reactions（Extra instruction manual medication）：initial，use1 mg/mLSolution，Intramuscular epinephrine injection0.01 mg/kg；Weight less than40 kg（88.2 lb）The maximum dose for patients0.3 mg（Total dose；Nomg/kg），Weight is greater than40 kg（88.2 lb）The patient is0.5 mg（Total dose；Nomg/kg）。Depending on the severity of the attack and response to the initial injection，If necessary, each5-15Repeat medication in minutes。However，If shock has occurred，answerpassedSlow intravenous infusion to give epinephrine0.05 µg/kg/minute，Ideally adjust the dose according to clinical response。Subcutaneous injection routes should be avoided。
6.Anesthesia-related hypotension（Extra instruction manual medication）：0.125-2µg/kg/Continuous intravenous infusion in minutes；Notice：Because epinephrine increases tissue oxygen demand and causes severe visceral vascular contraction，It should be considered only if other interventions are ineffective。
7.Extend local anesthesia effect（Extra instruction manual medication）：Can adjust epinephrinewithVery low concentration（Such as epinephrine5 µg/mLLocal anesthetics）Add to topical anesthetic formula，withCausing vasoconstriction at the site of administration，This reduces the systemic absorption rate of local anesthetics。In practice，from20 mLRemove from local anesthetic solution0.1 mL，join in0.1 mL 1 mg/mLAdrenaline solution。
This product can induce excitement、disturbed、Shiver、Vomit、hypertension（excess）、Arrhythmia, etc.。Local repeated injection occasionally leads to tissue necrosis at the injection site。
1.If this product changes color, it cannot be used。
2.When combined with general anesthetics such as chloral hydrate，Prone to ventricular fibrillation。Nor can it be with digitalis、Calcium agent combined。
3.Organic heart disease、Hyperthyroidism、Use caution in diseases such as traumatic and hemorrhagic shock。
1 ml:1 mg
10Support
Light-blocking，Closed，Save in a cool place。
2Year